Maven基础

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官网

技术 特性 适用场景 说明
Maven 打包 - 官网
- Doc
- Guide to Working with Multiple Modules

安装

Windows

下载

https://maven.apache.org/download.cgi

解压

解压到d:

配置环境变量

环境变量名称 环境变量值
MAVEN_HOME D:\
PATH D:;

检查

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$ mvn -v

Mac brew 安装

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$ brew search maven
$ brew install maven@3.5
$ mvn -v

# 卸载
$ brew uninstall maven@3.5

Mac 原始安装方法

下载

https://maven.apache.org/download.cgi

安装

解压到：/usr/local/maven

配置环境变量

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$ vim ~/.bash_profile
##### 内容如下 #####
# maven
export M2_HOME="/usr/local/maven"
export M2="$M2_HOME/bin"
export PATH="$M2:$PATH"
##### 内容结束 #####

$ source ~/.bash_profile

# 检查
$ mvn -v

CentOS7

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$ cd /usr/local
$ wget http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/maven/maven-3/3.6.2/binaries/apache-maven-3.6.2-bin.tar.gz
$ tar zxvf apache-maven-3.6.2-bin.tar.gz
$ ln -s apache-maven-3.6.2 maven
$ vim /etc/profile
##### 增加如下内容 #####
export MAVEN_HOME=/usr/local/maven
export PATH=$PATH:$MAVEN_HOME/bin
##### 内容结束 #####

$ source /etc/profile
$ mvn -v

配置Maven

配置本地仓库路径

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<localRepository>本地仓库路径</localRepository>

配置阿里云镜像仓库

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$ vim /usr/local/maven/conf/settings.xml

增加如下内容： 

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<mirror>
        <id>nexus-aliyun</id>
        <mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
        <name>Nexus aliyun</name>
        <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public</url>
</mirror>

Maven 命令

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# 显示版本信息
$ mvn –version

# 清理项目生产的临时文件,一般是模块下的target目录
$ mvn clean

# 编译源代码，一般编译模块下的src/main/java目录
$ mvn compile

# 编译测试代码
$ mvn test-compile

# 只打jar包
$ mvn jar:jar

# 项目打包工具,会在模块下的target目录生成jar或war等文件
$ mvn package

# 测试命令,或执行src/test/java/下junit的测试用例
$ mvn test

# 将打包的jar/war文件复制到你的本地仓库中,供其他模块使用
$ mvn install

# 将打包的文件发布到远程仓库,提供其他人员进行下载依赖
$ mvn deploy

# 生成项目相关信息的网站
$ mvn site

# 将项目转化为Eclipse项目
$ mvn eclipse:eclipse

# 将项目转化为IDEA项目
$ mvn idea:idea

# 打印出项目的整个依赖树
$ mvn dependency:tree

# 创建Maven的普通java项目
$ mvn archetype:generate

# 编译测试的内容
$ mvn test-compile

# 在tomcat容器中运行web应用
$ mvn tomcat:run

# 调用 Jetty 插件的 Run 目标在 Jetty Servlet 容器中启动 web 应用
$ mvn jetty:run

# 清理并打包
$ mvn clean package

# 排除测试代码后进行打包
$ mvn clean package -Dmaven.test.skip=true

# 可以从本地存储库为您创建一个 archetype 目录
$ mvn archetype：crawl

Makefile示例

注意：命令必须以tab开头。 

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client:
	mvn -e test-compile exec:java -Dexec.classpathScope="test" -Dexec.mainClass="com.cloudhopper.smpp.demo.ClientMain"

performance-client:
	mvn -e test-compile exec:java -Dexec.classpathScope="test" -Dexec.mainClass="com.cloudhopper.smpp.demo.PerformanceClientMain"

ssl-client:
	mvn -e test-compile exec:java -Dexec.classpathScope="test" -Dexec.mainClass="com.cloudhopper.smpp.demo.SslClientMain"

server:
	mvn -e test-compile exec:java -Dexec.classpathScope="test" -Dexec.mainClass="com.cloudhopper.smpp.demo.ServerMain"

ssl-server:
	mvn -e test-compile exec:java -Dexec.classpathScope="test" -Dexec.mainClass="com.cloudhopper.smpp.demo.SslServerMain"

slow-server:
	mvn -e test-compile exec:java -Dexec.classpathScope="test" -Dexec.mainClass="com.cloudhopper.smpp.demo.SlowServerMain"

simulator:
	mvn -e test-compile exec:java -Dexec.classpathScope="test" -Dexec.mainClass="com.cloudhopper.smpp.demo.SimulatorMain"

rebind:
	mvn -e test-compile exec:java -Dexec.classpathScope="test" -Dexec.mainClass="com.cloudhopper.smpp.demo.RebindMain"

parser:
	mvn -e test-compile exec:java -Dexec.classpathScope="test" -Dexec.mainClass="com.cloudhopper.smpp.demo.ParserMain"

dlr:
	mvn -e test-compile exec:java -Dexec.classpathScope="test" -Dexec.mainClass="com.cloudhopper.smpp.demo.DeliveryReceiptMain"

persist-client:
	mvn -e test-compile exec:java -Dexec.classpathScope="test" -Dexec.mainClass="com.cloudhopper.smpp.demo.persist.Main"

server-echo:
	mvn -e test-compile exec:java -Dexec.classpathScope="test" -Dexec.mainClass="com.cloudhopper.smpp.demo.ServerEchoMain"

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$ make client
$ make server
$ make performance-client
$ make simulator
$ make rebind
$ make parser
$ make dlr
$ make ssl-client
$ make ssl-server
$ make persist-client
$ make server-echo

Maven插件

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<!-- 编译插件 -->
<plugin>
   <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
   <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
   <version>3.6.1</version>
   <configuration>
       <source>1.8</source>
       <target>1.8</target>
   </configuration>
</plugin>

<!-- 用于配置JUnit -->
<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>2.19</version>
    <configuration>
        <testFailureIgnore>true</testFailureIgnore>  <!--测试有失败用例时，是否继续构建-->
　　　　 <skipTests>true</skipTests>                  <!--是否跳过测试阶段，方式1-->
　　　   <skip>true</skip>                            <!--是否跳过测试阶段，方式2-->
    </configuration>
</plugin>
<!-- 运行时指定 -->
$ mvn package -DskipTests
$ mvn package -Dmaven.test.skip=true
$ mvn package -Dmaven.test.failure.ignore=true

<!-- 定制化打包 -->
<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>2.5.5</version>
    <configuration>
        <archive>
            <manifest>
                <mainClass>org.struy.MainTets</mainClass>
            </manifest>
        </archive>
        <descriptorRefs>
            <descriptorRef>jar-with-dependencies</descriptorRef>
        </descriptorRefs>
    </configuration>
    <executions>
        <execution>
            <id>make-assembly</id>
            <phase>package</phase>
            <goals>
                <goal>single</goal>
            </goals>
        </execution>
    </executions>
</plugin>
<!-- 执行本地脚本 -->
<plugin>
    <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
    <artifactId>exec-maven-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>1.6.0</version>
    <executions>
        <execution>
            <id>build-docker-image</id>
            <phase>package</phase>
            <goals>
                <goal>exec</goal>
            </goals>
            <configuration>
                <executable>${basedir}/build.sh</executable>
            </configuration>
        </execution>
    </executions>
</plugin>
<!-- 构建docker镜像 -->
<plugin>
    <groupId>com.spotify</groupId>
    <artifactId>docker-maven-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>0.4.10</version>
    <configuration>
        <imageName>docker.dapeng.example/hello-service:1.0-SNAPSHOT</imageName>
        <dockerDirectory>${basedir}/docker</dockerDirectory>
    </configuration>
    <executions>
        <execution>
            <id>build-image</id>
            <phase>package</phase>
            <goals>
                <goal>build</goal>
            </goals>
        </execution>
    </executions>
</plugin>
<!-- jar指定目录，设定manifest的参数，或指定运行的Main class，还有依赖的jar包，加入classpath中 -->
<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>2.3.2</version>
    <configuration>
        <outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/${project.artifactId}/</outputDirectory>
    </configuration>
</plugin>
<!-- 复制依赖的jar包到指定的文件夹里 -->
<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
    <executions>
        <execution>
            <id>copy-dependencies</id>
            <phase>prepare-package</phase>
            <goals>
                <goal>copy-dependencies</goal>
            </goals>
            <configuration>
                <outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/${project.artifactId}/
                </outputDirectory>
                <overWriteReleases>false</overWriteReleases>
                <overWriteSnapshots>false</overWriteSnapshots>
                <overWriteIfNewer>true</overWriteIfNewer>
                <excludeArtifactIds>dapeng-core</excludeArtifactIds>
            </configuration>
        </execution>
    </executions>
</plugin>
<!-- 用于一键部署，把本地打包的jar文件，上传到远程服务器上，并执行服务器上的shell命令 -->
<plugin>
    <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
    <artifactId>wagon-maven-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>1.0</version>
    <configuration>
        <serverId>crawler</serverId>
        <fromDir>target</fromDir>
        <includes>*.jar,*.properties,*.sh</includes>
        <url>sftp://59.110.162.178/home/zhangxianhe</url>
        <commands>
            <command>chmod 755 /home/zhangxianhe/update.sh</command>
            <command>/home/zhangxianhe/update.sh</command>
        </commands>
        <displayCommandOutputs>true</displayCommandOutputs>
    </configuration>
</plugin>
<!-- 用于远程部署Java Web项目 -->
<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
    <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>2.2</version>
    <configuration>
        <url>http://59.110.162.178:8080/manager/text</url>
        <username>linjinbin</username>
        <password>linjinbin</password>
    </configuration>
</plugin>
<!-- 用于把多个jar包，打成1个jar包一般Java项目都会依赖其他第三方jar包，最终打包时，希望把其他jar包包含在一个jar包里 -->
<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>2.4.3</version>
    <executions>
        <execution>
            <phase>package</phase>
            <goals>
                <goal>shade</goal>
            </goals>
            <configuration>
                <transformers>
                    <transformer
                        implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ManifestResourceTransformer">
                        <manifestEntries>
                            <Main-Class>com.meiyou.topword.App</Main-Class>
                            <X-Compile-Source-JDK>${maven.compile.source}</X-Compile-Source-JDK>
                            <X-Compile-Target-JDK>${maven.compile.target}</X-Compile-Target-JDK>
                        </manifestEntries>
                    </transformer>
                </transformers>
            </configuration>
        </execution>
    </executions>
</plugin>
<!-- 获取git的commit-id插件,比如在打包jar包和构建docker镜像时用于区分版本(配合properties-maven-plugin 可使用${git.commit.id.abbrev}使用此变量在其他插件中获取commit-id) -->
<plugin>
    <groupId>pl.project13.maven</groupId>
    <artifactId>git-commit-id-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>2.2.1</version>
    <executions>
        <execution>
            <id>get-the-git-infos</id>
            <goals>
                <goal>revision</goal>
            </goals>
            <phase>package</phase>
        </execution>
    </executions>

    <configuration>
        <dotGitDirectory>${project.basedir}/.git</dotGitDirectory>

        <!-- @since 2.2.0 -->
        <dateFormatTimeZone>${user.timezone}</dateFormatTimeZone>

        <generateGitPropertiesFile>true</generateGitPropertiesFile>

        <generateGitPropertiesFilename>${project.build.directory}/git.ini</generateGitPropertiesFilename>

        <format>properties</format>

        <skipPoms>false</skipPoms>

        <injectAllReactorProjects>false</injectAllReactorProjects>
        <skip>false</skip>

        <!-- @since 2.1.12 -->
        <runOnlyOnce>false</runOnlyOnce>

        <!-- @since 2.1.9 -->
        <includeOnlyProperties>
            <includeOnlyProperty>^git.branch$</includeOnlyProperty>
            <includeOnlyProperty>^git.commit.id.abbrev$</includeOnlyProperty>
        </includeOnlyProperties>

        <useNativeGit>true</useNativeGit>

        <abbrevLength>7</abbrevLength>
        <commitIdGenerationMode>flat</commitIdGenerationMode>

        <gitDescribe>
            <skip>true</skip>
            <always>false</always>
            <abbrev>7</abbrev>
            <dirty>-dirty</dirty>
            <match>*</match>
            <forceLongFormat>false</forceLongFormat>
        </gitDescribe>
    </configuration>
</plugin>
<!-- 读取指定properties(这里是配合git-commit-id-plugin 以读取commit-id信息) -->
<plugin>
    <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
    <artifactId>properties-maven-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.0</version>
    <executions>
        <execution>
            <phase>package</phase>
            <goals>
                <goal>read-project-properties</goal>
            </goals>
            <configuration>
                <files>
                    <file>${project.build.directory}/git.ini</file>
                </files>
            </configuration>
        </execution>
    </executions>
</plugin>
<!-- 配置资源文件编码 -->
<plugin>
    <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
    <configuration>
        <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>    
    </configuration>
</plugin>
<!-- findbugs  静态java代码检查 -->
<reporting>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
        <artifactId>findbugs-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>2.3.1</version>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
</reporting>
<!-- jetty服务器 -->
<plugin>
    <groupId>org.mortbay.jetty</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-jetty-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>6.1.6</version>
    <configuration>
        <contextPath>/</contextPath>
        <scanIntervalSeconds>3</scanIntervalSeconds>
        <scanTargetPatterns>
            <scanTargetPattern>
                <directory>src/main/webapp/WEB-INF</directory>
                <excludes>
                    <exclude>**/*.jsp</exclude>
                </excludes>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*.properties</include>
                    <include>**/*.xml</include>
                </includes>
            </scanTargetPattern>
        </scanTargetPatterns>
        <requestLog implementation="org.mortbay.jetty.NCSARequestLog">
            <filename>target/yyyy_mm_dd.request.log</filename>
            <retainDays>90</retainDays>
            <append>true</append>
            <extended>false</extended>
            <logTimeZone>GMT</logTimeZone>
        </requestLog>
        <connectors>
            <connector implementation="org.mortbay.jetty.nio.SelectChannelConnector">
                <port>80</port>
                <maxIdleTime>60000</maxIdleTime>
            </connector>
        </connectors>
    </configuration>
</plugin>
<!-- 生成java文档 -->
<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-javadoc-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>2.4</version>
    <executions>
        <execution>
            <goals>
                <goal>javadoc</goal>
            </goals>
            <phase>compile</phase>
        </execution>
    </executions>
    <configuration>
        <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
        <verbose>false</verbose>
        <show>public</show>
        <subpackages>com.pwrd.mobileqa.assist.resource</subpackages>
        <doclet>com.sun.jersey.wadl.resourcedoc.ResourceDoclet</doclet>
        <docletPath>${path.separator}${project.build.outputDirectory}</docletPath>
        <docletArtifacts> <!--解析项目生成javadoc需要的依赖-->
            <docletArtifact>
                <groupId>xerces</groupId>
                <artifactId>xercesImpl</artifactId>
                <version>2.6.1</version>
            </docletArtifact>
　　　　　　　　　　　　　......
        </docletArtifacts>
        <!--  the following option is required as a work around for
                version 2.5 of the javadoc plugin which will be used
                by a maven version > 2.0.9-->
        <useStandardDocletOptions>false</useStandardDocletOptions>
        <additionalparam>-output ${project.build.outputDirectory}/resourcedoc.xml</additionalparam>
    </configuration>
</plugin>
<!-- 生成mybatis映射 -->
<plugin>
    <groupId>org.mybatis.generator</groupId>
    <artifactId>mybatis-generator-maven-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>1.3.0</version>
    <configuration>
        <verbose>true</verbose>
        <overwrite>true</overwrite>
    </configuration>
    <executions>
    <execution>
        <id>Generate MyBatis Artifacts</id>
        <goals>
        <goal>generate</goal>
        </goals>
    </execution>
    </executions>
</plugin>

配置 maven 多模块项目

父工程

  1. packaging 标签的文本内容必须为pom pom
  2. 必须删除 src 目录

子工程

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<parent>
    <groupId>com.nxtele</groupId>
    <artifactId>base</artifactId>
    <version>1.0</version>
    <relativePath>../base/pom.xml</relativePath>
</parent>

打包

  • common、utils、dao、service、entity这三个模块的pom.xml文件中不需要build 内容，直接干掉

配置包扫描

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package com.wanglibing.web;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import tk.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan;

@SpringBootApplication
//配置全局扫描
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.wanglibing")
//配置局部扫描
@MapperScan(basePackages = {"com.wanglibing.service.mapper"})
public class WebApplication {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(WebApplication.class, args);
	}

}

Maven Archetype模板开发

单模块

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# mapper-basic 是一个 maven项目
$ cd /Users/iamwlb/Documents/Workspace/java/mapper-basic
$ maven clean
# 从已有项目创建 archetype
$ mvn archetype:create-from-project
$ cd target/generated-sources/archetype
# 将打包的jar/war文件复制到你的本地仓库中,供其他模块使用
$ mvn install
# 生成archetype-catalog.xml
$ mvn archetype:crawl
# 测试(在列表中搜索最后一个条目)
$ mvn archetype:generate
# 从本地archeType模板中创建项目
$ mvn archetype:generate -DarchetypeCatalog=local
# 根据archeType模板创建项目maven命令示例
$ mvn archetype:generate -DgroupId=com.sample.test -DartifactId=test -Dversion=1.0.0-SNAPSHOT -DarchetypeGroupId=com.sample.archetypes -DarchetypeArtifactId=sample-archetype -DarchetypeVersion=1.0.0-SNAPSHOT -Dpackage=com.sample.test -DinteractiveMode=false

多模块

参考 Create an archetype from a multi-module project 

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$ mvn archetype:create-from-project -Darchetype.filteredExtensions=java
$ cd target/generated-sources/archetype/
$ mvn install
$ mvn archetype:generate -DarchetypeCatalog=local

删除 maven Archetype

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$ vim /Users/iamwlb/.m2/repository/archetype-catalog.xml
##### 删除多余的 archetype #####

常见问题

-source 1.5中不支持diamond运算符

问题描述

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-source 1.5 中不支持 diamond 运算符
[ERROR] (请使用 -source 7 或更高版本以启用 diamond 运算符)
[ERROR] -> [Help 1]
[ERROR] 
[ERROR] To see the full stack trace of the errors, re-run Maven with the -e switch.
[ERROR] Re-run Maven using the -X switch to enable full debug logging.
[ERROR] 
[ERROR] For more information about the errors and possible solutions, please read the following articles:
[ERROR] [Help 1] http://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/MAVEN/MojoFailureException

解决办法

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<build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.7.0</version>
                <configuration>
                    <source>1.8</source>
                    <target>1.8</target>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
</build>

Maven无法使用ojdbc依赖

在 Oracle 官网下载需要的 JDBC 驱动，官网下载地址：http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/features/jdbc/index-091264.html

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# 将 Oracle JDBC 驱动包安装到 Maven 本地仓库
$ mvn install:install-file -DgroupId=com.oracle -DartifactId=ojdbc14 -Dversion=11.2.0 -Dpackaging=jar -Dfile=ojdbc6.jar

pom.xml 

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<dependency>
   <groupId>com.oracle</groupId>
   <artifactId>ojdbc14</artifactId>
   <version>11.2.0</version>
</dependency>

参考

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